China Is Closing the Quantum Technology Gap
By Catherine Thorbecke, Bloomberg Opinion Columnist
October 23, 2025
In the evolving battlefield of technological supremacy, much of the world’s attention has focused on artificial intelligence. However, an equally critical and perhaps even more transformative race is unfolding in the realm of quantum technology. Currently led by the United States, China is rapidly closing the gap, marking a pivotal shift with significant geopolitical implications.
The Quantum Leap
Quantum technology exploits the extraordinary principles of quantum physics — the behavior of particles at the atomic and subatomic levels — to develop groundbreaking computers, sensors, and communication networks. These quantum innovations promise computational power that dwarfs traditional systems by enabling simultaneous processing of multiple possibilities. As mathematician Hannah Fry elucidates, while a classical computer attempts solving a maze one path at a time, a quantum computer evaluates all pathways concurrently, offering unparalleled efficiency.
This advancement is far more than an academic curiosity. Quantum computing stands to revolutionize various sectors including medicine, finance, artificial intelligence, and cybersecurity. According to consulting firm McKinsey, the global quantum technology market could reach revenues as high as $97 billion by 2035, underscoring its economic potential.
China’s Accelerating Momentum
Although the US currently holds the lead in quantum research and development, Chinese firms and research institutions have made remarkable strides. Driven by strategic government investment and a vibrant scientific community, China has expanded its quantum capabilities at an impressive pace. Its efforts in building quantum communication infrastructure, such as satellite-based quantum encryption, and developing scalable quantum processors, have bolstered its position on the global stage.
China’s advancements not only reflect technological progress but also signal a strategic intention to secure dominance in next-generation technology. The nation’s rapidly growing portfolio of quantum patents and increased participation in international collaborations demonstrate its commitment to becoming a key player in this high-stakes domain.
Geopolitical and Economic Impact
The implications of this quantum race transcend technology, profoundly influencing global power dynamics. Control over quantum technology equates to superiority in data security, advanced computation, and cutting-edge innovation capabilities — factors critical to national security and economic competitiveness.
As China narrows the margin, the international community is closely monitoring developments that could reshape alliances and rivalries. The acceleration of quantum technology development challenges established technological hierarchies and invites renewed focus on cooperative frameworks and policy strategies.
Looking Ahead
Quantum technology stands at the frontier of scientific innovation, with the potential to redefine the future of computation and communication. While the US remains a leader, China’s rapid progress underscores the increasingly multipolar nature of technological advancement.
Investments, policies, and international collaborations will shape how this transformative technology unfolds. For businesses, governments, and technologists alike, understanding and engaging with the quantum domain is imperative as the global landscape adjusts to this emerging paradigm.
China’s rise in quantum technology is a crucial chapter in the unfolding saga of global tech competition, reflecting broader trends of innovation, strategy, and geopolitical recalibration.
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