China Is Closing the Quantum Technology Gap
By Catherine Thorbecke, Bloomberg Opinion — October 23, 2025
While much of the global focus remains on the race for supremacy in artificial intelligence, a parallel and arguably more transformative competition is unfolding in the realm of quantum technology. This emerging field promises to significantly shift geopolitical power dynamics in the coming decades. Currently, the United States holds the lead in quantum innovation, but China is rapidly narrowing this gap and establishing itself as a formidable player.
Quantum technology leverages the extraordinary principles of quantum physics—specifically, how particles behave at the atomic and subatomic levels—to develop next-generation computing, sensing, and communication systems. These technologies operate on fundamentally different principles than traditional electronics, allowing for exponential gains in processing power and efficiency.
To understand the potential of quantum computing, mathematician Hannah Fry offers a compelling analogy: solving a maze with a conventional computer is akin to testing one path at a time, sequentially. In contrast, a quantum computer effectively explores all possible paths simultaneously, dramatically increasing the speed and complexity of problems it can handle. This quantum leap could revolutionize numerous sectors, including medicine, finance, and artificial intelligence.
According to projections by consultancy McKinsey & Company, quantum technologies could generate up to $97 billion in revenue globally by 2035, underlining the enormous economic potential of this field.
China’s quantum computing firms have made remarkable strides, moving from research and development stages into producing globally competitive technologies. Backed by substantial government investments and strategic initiatives, China aims to catch up and ultimately challenge American dominance in quantum hardware, software, and applications.
The competition extends beyond pure technology. Quantum advancements have critical implications for national security, including the potential to break current encryption methods and develop next-generation secure communication networks through quantum entanglement. This intensifies the stakes in the global race.
As China continues to accelerate its progress in quantum technology, experts anticipate closer scrutiny and increased urgency from other nations to protect their technological edge and invest in quantum research and talent development.
In this high-stakes, cutting-edge domain, the balance of power may well be defined by who can master the quantum frontier first—making the world’s next technological revolution as much about geopolitics as innovation.
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